Coral Reef Aquarium Husbandry and Health. Janse (eds.), Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public Aquariums. Scientific Considerations on a Technique of Ecological Purification that Made Possible the Cultivation of Reef-building Corals in Monaco.

In 7th International Aquarium Congress (IAC 2008). Biogeochemical Processes and Water Homeostasis in an Ecologically Purified Captive Marine Ecosystem: Facts and Hypotheses. 3, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). North American Journal of Aquaculture, 75(4), 543-547. Performance of a Recirculating Aquaculture System Utilizing an Algal Turf Scrubber for Scaled-Up Captive Rearing of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Huang, Z., Jones, J., Gu, J., Hallerman, E., Lane, T., Song, X., & Wan, R. The Father of Modern Reef Keeping, Lee Chin Eng. Freshwater and Marine Aquarium Filtration: The Path Toward Camelot. A Chronology of Human Understanding of the Nitrogen Cycle. Galloway J.N., Leach, A.M., Bleeker, A., & Erisman J.W. The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium, Volume 1. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 9(6),23-30.įatherree, J. Nature’s System of Keeping Marine Fishes. The Reef Aquarium: Science, Art, and Technology, Volume 3. Florida: Ricordea Publishing.ĭelbeek, J.C. Water Science Technology, 44(11-12),ĭelbeek, J.C. Wastewater Treatment by Algal Turf Scrubbing. General Introduction: Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public Aquaria. American Zoologist, 39, 44-55.Ĭarlson, B. Organisms Responses to Rapid Change: What Aquaria Tell Us about Nature. Reef Invertebrates: An Essential Guide to Selection, Care and Compatibility. Calcium and Carbonate in Closed Marine Aquarium Systems. Aquarium Corals: Selection, Husbandry, and Natural History. Introduction to the Husbandry of Corals in Aquariums: A Review. Algal Turf Scrubbing: Cleaning Surface Waters with Solar Energy While Producing a Biofuel. The Microcosm: A New Tool for Reef Research. Alexandria, VA: The United States Patent and Trademark Office.Īdey, W. USA: Academic Press, Elsevier Inc.Īdey, W. Dynamic Aquaria: Building Living Ecosystems. Coral Reef Algal Turfs: Master Producers in Nutrient Poor Seas. Keywords : natural system coral culture natural process biological process, biological filtrationĪdey, W. The principle of the development, composition, and biological processes of the systems are explained to provide enough information for the aquarist, researcher, and reef invertebrates keeping enthusiast to be used in research or public education. These systems are Lee Chin Eng natural system, Berlin system, Monaco system, and Algal turf scrubber. This article aims to provide in -depth information on the four natural systems that have been successfully used in keeping the corals and marine invertebrates in captivity. The information is limit to specific groups of people such as experienced marine hobbyist, aquarist in the public aquarium, and researcher who researches on coral and reef organisms culture. However, scientific knowledge of coral keeping is not widely recognized by the public.

The success of the coral culture is due to the research and development of the “natural systems” for keeping these sensitive animals. Nowadays, most of the corals are not only surviving in captivity but also propagate in many public aquariums and research institutes. Thus, most of the people believe that it is difficult or impossible to keep corals in captivity, and corals will only survive in its ecosystem. They are highly sensitive to change in environmental conditions.

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